Climate Change in the American Mind: Beliefs & Attitudes, Spring 2024

Report Summary

This report is based on findings from a nationally representative survey – Climate Change in the American Mind – conducted jointly by the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and the George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication. Interview dates: Interview dates: April 25 – May 4, 2024. Interviews: 1,031 adults (18+). Average margin of error: +/- 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level.

 

Principal Investigators:

Anthony Leiserowitz, PhD
Yale Program on Climate Change Communication

Edward Maibach, MPH, PhD
George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication

Seth Rosenthal, PhD
Yale Program on Climate Change Communication

John Kotcher, PhD
George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication

For all media and other inquiries, please email:

Yale Program on Climate Change Communication: Eric Fine ([email protected]) and Michaela Hobbs ([email protected])

George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication: Edward Maibach ([email protected]) and John Kotcher ([email protected])

Climate Change in the American Mind is conducted jointly by the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and the George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication.

Executive Summary

Drawing on a nationally representative survey (n = 1,031) conducted from April 25 – May 4, 2024, this report describes Americans’1 beliefs and attitudes about global warming. Among the key findings in this report:

Global Warming Beliefs

• Americans who think global warming is happening outnumber those who think it is not happening by a ratio of about 5 to 1 (70% versus 13%).
• 59% of Americans understand that global warming is mostly human-caused. By contrast, 29% think it is caused mostly by natural changes in the environment.
• 58% of Americans understand that most scientists think global warming is happening. However, only about one in five (21%) understand how strong the level of consensus among scientists is (i.e., that more than 90% of climate scientists think human-caused global warming is happening).

Perceived Risks and Impacts of Global Warming

• 47% of Americans think people in the United States are being harmed by global warming “right now,” and 50% say they have personally experienced the effects of global warming.
• Majorities of Americans think global warming will harm plant and animal species (72%), future generations of people (72%), the world’s poor (69%), people in developing countries (68%), people in the United States (65%), and people in their community (52%). Many also think their family (49%) and they themselves (44%) will be harmed.
• 12% of Americans have considered moving to avoid the impacts of global warming.
• 66% of Americans think global warming is affecting weather in the United States, including 36% who think weather is being affected “a lot.”
• Majorities of Americans think global warming is affecting many environmental problems in the United States, including extreme heat (74%), wildfires (73%), droughts (72%), rising sea levels (70%), air pollution (69%), flooding (68%), hurricanes (68%), water shortages (67%), tornados (65%), reduced snow pack (63%), agricultural pests and diseases (62%), water pollution (61%), and electricity power outages (61%).
• 56% of Americans think extreme weather poses either a “high” (18%) or “moderate” (38%) risk to their community over the next 10 years.

Global Warming, Emotional Responses, and Mental Health

• 64% of Americans say they are at least “somewhat worried” about global warming. This includes 28% who say they are “very worried.”
• Americans say they feel the following emotions when thinking about global warming: interested (58%), frustrated (49%), hopeful (44%), sad (43%), disgusted (42%), afraid (38%), angry (38%), anxious (36%), outraged (36%), hopeless (31%), or depressed (27%).
• More than one in ten Americans report experiencing at least one symptom of anxiety or depression because of global warming for several or more days in the last two weeks.

How Americans Conceptualize Global Warming

• Americans think global warming is a multifaceted issue, including an environmental (77%), scientific (68%), severe weather (65%), agricultural (65%), economic (60%), health (59%), political (58%), humanitarian (55%), moral (44%), poverty (33%), social justice (29%), national security (29%), and/or religious (9%) issue.

Personal and Social Engagement with Global Warming

• 66% of Americans say they “rarely” or “never” discuss global warming with family and friends, while 34% say they do so “occasionally” or “often.”
• 41% of Americans think it is at least “moderately” important to their family and friends that they take action to reduce global warming (an injunctive norm), and 36% say their family and friends make at least “a moderate amount of effort” to reduce global warming (a descriptive norm).
• 50% of Americans say they hear about global warming in the media about once a month or more frequently. Fewer say they hear about global warming on social media once a month or more often (28%) or that they hear people they know talk about global warming once a month or more frequently (22%).
• 67% of Americans say the issue of global warming is either “extremely,” “very,” or “somewhat” important to them personally, while 33% say it is either “not too” or “not at all” personally important.
• 62% of Americans say they feel a personal sense of responsibility to help reduce global warming.
• 32% of Americans say that at least “once” over the past 12 months, they have rewarded companies that are taking steps to reduce global warming by buying their products, and 26% say that at least “once” over the past 12 months, they have punished companies that are opposing steps to reduce global warming by not buying their products.
• Americans say that the most important reasons to reduce global warming are to provide a better life for our children and grandchildren (23%), to prevent the destruction of most life on the planet (18%), or to help prevent extreme weather events (10%)

Personal Agency

• 12% of Americans agree with the statement “it’s already too late to do anything about global warming,” while many more (63%) disagree.
• 47% of Americans agree with the statement “the actions of a single individual won’t make any difference in global warming,” while 53% disagree.
• 49% of Americans agree with the statement “new technologies can solve global warming without individuals having to make big changes in their lives,” while 50% disagree.

1. Global Warming Beliefs

1.1. Most Americans think global warming is happening.

Americans who think global warming is happening outnumber those who think it is not happening by a ratio of about 5 to 1.

Seven in ten Americans (70%) think global warming is happening. By contrast, only 13% of Americans think global warming is not happening. Seventeen percent say they don’t know if global warming is happening (refer to data tables, p. 35).

1.2. When Americans who “don’t know” if global warming is happening are asked for their best guess, more say “yes” than “no.”

Survey respondents who say they “don’t know” whether global warming is happening in response to the question in Section 1.1 (refer to data tables, p. 35) are then asked to provide their best guess as to whether or not global warming is happening. Over time, this follow-up question has produced a relatively stable pattern in which more of these Americans “lean” toward “yes” than “no” (refer to data tables, p. 36).

When the “leaners,” as determined by this follow-up question, are added to the totals of those who responded “yes” or “no” to the question reported in Section 1.1, we find that a total of 82% of Americans think global warming is happening or lean toward that position, while 18% think global warming is not happening or lean toward that position.

1.3. About half of Americans are “extremely” or “very” sure global warming is happening.

About half of Americans (52%) are either “extremely” (32%) or “very” (19%) sure global warming is happening. Far fewer (7%) are “extremely” (3%) or “very” (4%) sure global warming is not happening.

1.4. A majority of Americans think global warming is mostly human-caused.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment synthesis report, summarizing the work of thousands of climate experts worldwide, states: “Human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, have unequivocally caused global warming.”¹

A majority of Americans (59%) understand that global warming is mostly human-caused. By contrast, 29% think it is caused mostly by natural changes in the environment.

1.5. A majority of Americans understand that most scientists think global warming is happening.

A review by Cook and colleagues² found that six independent, peer-reviewed studies examining the scientific consensus about global warming have concluded that between 90% and 100% of climate scientists are convinced human-caused global warming is happening. A more recent study found that as many as 98% of climate scientists are convinced global warming is happening and human-caused.³

A majority of Americans (58%) understand that most scientists think global warming is happening. By contrast, about one in five (22%) think there is a lot of disagreement among scientists about whether or not global warming is happening. Very few Americans (2%) believe most scientists think global warming is not happening, and 19% report that they don’t know enough to say (refer to data tables, p. 42).

1.6. About one in five Americans understand that almost all climate scientists (more than 90%) have concluded that human-caused global warming is happening.

Although the majority of Americans now understand that most scientists think global warming is happening, fewer understand just how strong the level of consensus among scientists is. Only about one in five Americans (21%) understand that nearly all climate scientists (more than 90%) think that human-caused global warming is happening.⁴ More Americans (25%) say they “don’t know enough to say” what percentage of climate scientists think human-caused global warming is happening.

Public misunderstanding of the scientific consensus – which has been found in each of our surveys since 2008 – has significant consequences. Other research has identified public understanding of the scientific consensus as an important “gateway belief” that influences other important beliefs (i.e., that global warming is happening, human-caused, and worrisome) and support for action.5

¹ IPCC. (2023). Summary for Policymakers. In Core Writing Team, Lee, H., & Romero, J. (eds.). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001

² Cook, J., Oreskes, N., Doran, P. T., Anderegg, W. R. I., Verheggen, B., Maibach, E. W., Carlton, J. S., Lewandowsky, S., Skuce, A. G., Green, S. A., Nuccitelli, D., Jacobs, P., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., & Rice., K. (2016). Consensus on consensus: A synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming. Environmental Research Letters, 11(4). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002

³ Myers, K. F., Doran, P. T., Cook, J., Kotcher, J. E., & Myers, T. A. (2021). Consensus revisited: Quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later. Environmental Research Letters, 16(10). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774

⁴ Myers, K. F., Doran, P. T., Cook, J., Kotcher, J. E., & Myers, T. A. (2021). Consensus revisited: Quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later. Environmental Research Letters, 16(10). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774

2. Perceived Risks of Global Warming

2.1. Half of Americans say they have personally experienced the effects of global warming.

Half of Americans (50%) agree with the statement “I have personally experienced the effects of global warming,” while about half (49%) disagree. 

2.2. Many Americans think people in the U.S. are being harmed “right now” by global warming.

Just under half of Americans (47%) think people in the U.S. are being harmed by global warming “right now.”

2.3. Many Americans think global warming will harm them, but more think others will be harmed.

A majority of Americans understand that global warming will cause harm. Half or more Americans think global warming will cause either “a great deal” or “a moderate amount” of harm to plant and animal species (72%), future generations of people (72%), the world’s poor (69%), people in developing countries (68%), people in the United States (65%), and people in their community (52%). Many Americans also think their family (49%) and they themselves (44%) will be harmed.

2.4. About one in ten Americans have considered moving to avoid the impacts of global warming.

Research indicates¹ that an increasing number of people in the United States may be considering moving away from areas particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. We find that 12% of Americans have considered moving to avoid the impacts of global warming, while 81% have not, and 7% are not sure.

¹ Hauer, M. E. (2017). Migration induced by sea-level rise could reshape the US population landscape. Nature Climate Change, 7(5), 321-325. doi:10.1038/nclimate3271

3. Global Warming, Emotional Responses, and Mental Health

3.1. A majority of Americans are worried about global warming.

A majority of Americans (64%) say they are at least “somewhat worried” about global warming. This includes 28% of Americans who say they are “very worried” about global warming.

3.2. A majority of Americans are “interested” in global warming.

When asked how strongly they feel various emotions when thinking about global warming, more than half of Americans (58%) say they feel “very” or “moderately” interested. Additionally, four in ten or more say they feel frustrated (49%), hopeful (44%), sad (43%), or disgusted (42%). Fewer say they feel afraid (38%), angry (38%), anxious (36%), outraged (36%), hopeless (31%), or depressed (27%).

3.3. A small but notable percentage of Americans are experiencing psychological distress because of global warming.

To assess anxiety and depression symptoms arising from people’s concerns about global warming, we adapted previously validated brief screening instruments for generalized anxiety disorder (the GAD-2)¹ and depression (the PHQ-2).²

We found that about one in ten Americans report experiencing symptoms of anxiety because of global warming for at least “several days” out of the last two weeks, including “feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge because of global warming” (16%) or “not being able to stop or control worrying about global warming” (11%). Similar percentages report experiencing symptoms of depression because of global warming for at least “several days” out of the last two weeks, including “feeling down, depressed, or hopeless because of global warming” (12%) or having “little interest or pleasure in doing things because of global warming” (10%).

¹ Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of internal medicine, 146(5), 317-325. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004

² Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical care, 1284-1292. doi:jstor.org/stable/3768417

4. Personal and Social Engagement with Global Warming

4.1. Most Americans “rarely” or “never” discuss global warming with family and friends.

Two-thirds of Americans (66%) say they either “rarely” (33%) or “never” (33%) discuss global warming with family and friends (refer to data tables, p. 72), while 34% say they discuss global warming either “occasionally” (29%) or “often” (6%).

4.2. Fewer than half of Americans perceive social norms for taking action on global warming.

Social science research has shown that two types of social norms can have a powerful influence on people’s behavior: injunctive norms (the belief that friends and family expect you to behave in a given way) and descriptive norms (the belief that friends and family are themselves behaving in that way).¹

About four in ten Americans (41%) perceive an injunctive norm, saying it is either “extremely” (5%), “very” (11%), or “moderately” (25%) important to their family and friends that they take action to reduce global warming. Similarly, 36% perceive a descriptive norm, saying their family and friends make either “a great deal of effort” (2%), “a lot of effort” (7%), or “a moderate amount of effort” (27%) to reduce global warming.

¹ Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological Science, 18(5), 429-434. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x

4.3. Half of Americans hear about global warming in the media at least once a month; fewer hear about it on social media or hear people they know talking about it at least once a month.

Half of Americans (50%) say they hear about global warming in the media once a month or more often, while 39% say they hear about global warming in the media several times a year or less often, including 11% who say they never hear about global warming in the media.

In contrast, only 28% of Americans say they hear about global warming on social media once a month or more often, while 54% say they do so several times a year or less often, including 30% who say they never hear about global warming on social media. Similarly, only 22% of Americans say they hear people they know talk about global warming once a month or more often, while 70% say they do so several times a year or less often, including 30% who say they never hear people they know talk about global warming.

4.4. A majority of Americans say the issue of global warming is personally important.

Two in three Americans (67%) say the issue of global warming is either “extremely” (15%), “very” (20%), or “somewhat” (31%) important to them personally (refer to data tables, p. 78). One in three (33%) say global warming is either “not too” (17%) or “not at all” (16%) personally important.

4.5. A majority of Americans feel a personal sense of responsibility to help reduce global warming.

A majority of Americans (62%) agree either “strongly” (18%) or “somewhat” (43%) that they feel a personal sense of responsibility to help reduce global warming.

4.6. About one-third of Americans say they have engaged in consumer activism on global warming.

About one-third of Americans (32%) say that at least “once” over the past 12 months, they have rewarded companies that are taking steps to reduce global warming by buying their products. About one quarter of Americans (26%) say that at least “once” over the past 12 months, they have punished companies that are opposing steps to reduce global warming by not buying their products.

4.7. About one in four Americans say the most important reason to reduce global warming is to provide a better life for our children and grandchildren.

About one in four Americans (23%) say providing a better life for our children and grandchildren is the most important reason, for them, to reduce global warming. One in ten or more say preventing the destruction of most life on the planet (18%) or helping prevent extreme weather events (10%) is the most important reason.

Fewer say their most important reason to reduce global warming is protecting God’s creation (9%), saving many plant and animal species from extinction (6%), saving many people around the world from poverty and starvation (6%), improving people’s health (4%), protecting their own health and well-being (3%), helping to free us from dependence on foreign oil (3%), creating green jobs and a stronger economy (2%), or improving national security (1%). About one in seven (14%; not pictured) either said this was not applicable because global warming isn’t happening (12%) or did not choose a reason (3%; refer to data tables, p. 96).

5. Global Warming and Personal Agency

5.1. Few Americans think it is too late to do anything about global warming.

About six in ten Americans (63%) either “strongly” (37%) or “somewhat” (26%) disagree with the statement: “it’s already too late to do anything about global warming.” By contrast, relatively few Americans (12%) either “strongly” (2%) or “somewhat” (10%) agree with this statement. An additional 18% say they “don’t know.”

5.2. About half of Americans disagree with the statement “the actions of a single individual won’t make any difference in global warming.”

About half of Americans (53%) either “strongly” (20%) or “somewhat” (33%) disagree with the statement “the actions of a single individual won’t make any difference in global warming” (refer to data tables, p. 98), while 47% of Americans either “strongly” (17%) or “somewhat” (29%) agree that individual actions won’t make a difference.

5.3. Half of Americans do not think new technologies can solve global warming without individual action.

Half of Americans (50%) either “strongly” (19%) or “somewhat” (32%) disagree with the statement “new technologies can solve global warming without individuals having to make big changes in their lives” (refer to data tables, p. 99), while a similar percentage (49%) either “strongly” (8%) or “somewhat” (40%) agree with this statement.

6. Impacts of Global Warming

6.1. Two-thirds of Americans think global warming is affecting weather in the United States.

About two-thirds of Americans (66%) think global warming is affecting weather in the United States, including a majority (58%) who think global warming is affecting U.S. weather either “a lot” (36%) or “some” (22%).

As noted above, 36% of Americans think global warming is affecting weather “a lot.”

6.2. Most Americans think global warming is affecting environmental problems in the United States.

Most Americans think global warming is affecting many environmental problems in the United States at least “a little.” Seven in ten or more think global warming is affecting extreme heat (74%), wildfires (73%), droughts (72%), and rising sea levels (70%). Six in ten or more think global warming is affecting air pollution (69%), flooding (68%), hurricanes (68%), water shortages (67%), tornados (65%), reduced snow pack (63%), agricultural pests and diseases (62%), water pollution (61%), and electricity power outages (61%).

6.3. A majority of Americans think extreme weather poses a risk to their community.

A majority of Americans (56%) think extreme weather poses either a “high” (18%) or “moderate” (38%) risk to their community over the next 10 years. Fewer think extreme weather poses either a “low” risk (30%) or “no” risk (6%).

6.4. A majority of Americans are worried about harm from environmental problems in their local area.

Section 6.2 of this report outlines the degree to which Americans think global warming is already affecting numerous environmental problems. This section details how worried Americans are that each of those environmental problems will harm their local area in the future. Majorities of Americans are at least “a little worried” their local area might be harmed by electricity power outages (79%, an increase of 5 percentage points since we last asked this question in our Fall 2023 survey), water pollution (79%, +12 percentage points since Fall 2023), air pollution (77%, +4 points), extreme heat (76%, +6 points), agricultural pests and diseases (72%, +9 points), droughts (69%, +6 points), flooding (63%, +5 points), water shortages (67%, +11 points), wildfires (61%, +9 points), tornados (58%, no significant change since Fall 2023), and rising sea levels (50%, +12 points). Many Americans are also worried their local area might be harmed by reduced snow pack (45%, +8 points) and hurricanes (45%, +6 points).

6.5. About two in three Americans think wildfires have increased around the world as a result of global warming.

About two in three Americans (68%) either “strongly” (28%) or “somewhat” (40%) agree that wildfires have increased around the world as a result of global warming.

7. How Americans Conceptualize Global Warming

7.1. Americans are most likely to think of global warming as an environmental or scientific issue.

Global warming is a complex challenge with many dimensions. Understanding how people conceptualize the issue is critical to formulating effective communication strategies.

A large majority of Americans think global warming is an environmental issue (77%). More than half think global warming is a scientific (68%), severe weather (65%), agricultural (65%), economic (60%), health (59%), political (58%), and/or humanitarian (55%) issue.

Fewer think global warming is a moral (44%), poverty (33%), social justice (29%), national security (29%), and/or religious (9%) issue.

Appendix I: Data Tables

Data Tables can be found beginning on p. 35 of the PDF version of the report:

 

Appendix II: Survey Method

The data in this report are based on a nationally representative survey of 1,031 American adults, aged 18 and older. The survey was
conducted April 25 –May 4, 2024. All questionnaires were self-administered by respondents in a web-based environment. The median
completion time for the survey was 24 minutes.

The sample was drawn from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel®, an online panel of members drawn using probability sampling methods.
Prospective members are recruited using a combination of random digit dial and address-based sampling techniques that cover virtually all (non-institutional) resident phone numbers and addresses in the United States. Those contacted who would choose to join the panel but do not have access to the Internet are loaned computers and provided Internet access so they may participate.

The sample therefore includes a representative cross-section of American adults – irrespective of whether they have Internet access, use only a cell phone, etc. Key demographic variables were weighted, post survey, to match US Census Bureau norms.

From November 2008 to December 2018, no KnowledgePanel® member participated in more than one Climate Change in the American Mind (CCAM) survey. Beginning with the April 2019 survey, panel members who have participated in CCAM surveys in the past, excluding the most recent two surveys, may be randomly selected for participation. In the current survey, 289 respondents participated in a previous CCAM survey.

The survey instrument was designed by Anthony Leiserowitz, Seth Rosenthal, Jennifer Carman, Marija Verner, Matthew Ballew, Sanguk Lee, Matthew Goldberg, and Jennifer Marlon of Yale University, and Edward Maibach, John Kotcher, Teresa Myers, Nicholas Badullovich, and Kathryn Thier of George Mason University. The figures and tables were constructed by Emily Goddard of Yale University.

Sample details and margins of error

All samples are subject to some degree of sampling error – that is, statistical results obtained from a sample can be expected to differ
somewhat from results that would be obtained if every member of the target population were interviewed. Average margins of error for each wave of CCAM, at the 95% confidence level, are plus or minus 3 percentage points except where noted.

• April 2024: Fielded April 25 – May 4 (n = 1,031)
• October 2023: Fielded October 20 – 26 (n = 1,033)
• April 2023: Fielded April 18 – May 1 (n = 1,011)
• December 2022: Fielded December 2 – 12 (n = 1,085)
• April 2022: Fielded April 13 – May 2 (n = 1,018)
• September 2021: Fielded September 10 – 20 (n = 1,006)
• March 2021: Fielded March 18 – 29 (n = 1,037)
• December 2020: Fielded December 3 – 16 (n = 1,036)
• April 2020: Fielded April 7 – 17 (n = 1,029)
• November 2019: Fielded November 8 – 20 (n = 1,303)
• April 2019: Fielded March 29 – April 8 (n = 1,291)
• December 2018: Fielded November 28 – December 11 (n = 1,114)
• March 2018: Fielded March 7 – 24 (n = 1,278)
• October 2017: Fielded October 20 – November 1 (n = 1,304)
• May 2017: Fielded May 18 – June 6 (n = 1,266)
• November 2016: Fielded November 18 – December 1 (n = 1,226)
• March 2016: Fielded March 18 – 31 (n = 1,204)
• October 2015: Fielded September 30 – October 19 (n = 1,330)
• March 2015: Fielded February 27 – March 10 (n = 1,263)
• October 2014: Fielded October 17 – 28 (n = 1,275)
• April 2014: Fielded April 15 – 22 (n = 1,013)
• November 2013: Fielded November 23 – December 9 (n = 830)
• April 2013: Fielded April 10 – 15 (n = 1,045)
• September 2012: Fielded August 31 – September 12 (n = 1,061)
• March 2012: Fielded March 12 – 30 (n = 1,008)
• November 2011: Fielded October 20 – November 16 (n = 1,000)
• May 2011: Fielded April 23 – May 12 (n = 1,010)
• June 2010: Fielded May 14 – June 1 (n = 1,024)
• January 2010: Fielded December 24, 2009 – January 3, 2010 (n = 1,001).
• November 2008: Fielded October 7 – November 12 (n = 2,164).
  • Data were collected over two periods: from October 7 – October 20 and from October 24 – November 12. Margin of error plus or minus 2 percentage points.

Rounding error and tabulation
In data tables, bases specified are unweighted, while percentages are weighted to match national population parameters.

For tabulation purposes, percentage points are rounded to the nearest whole number. As a result, percentages in a given figure or table may total slightly higher or lower than 100%. Summed response categories (e.g., “strongly agree” + “somewhat agree”) are rounded after sums are calculated. For example, in some cases, the sum of 25% + 25% might be reported as 51% (e.g., 25.3% + 25.3% = 50.6%, which after rounding would be reported as 25% + 25% = 51%).

Appendix III: Sample Demographics

Sample demographics can be found on p. 145 of the PDF version of the report: